Charlie Rose采访阳光媒体集团的董事长，中国著名英语主持人杨澜

 名人访谈录(双语文本)
Charlie Rose采访阳光媒体集团的董事长，中国著名英语主持人杨澜，英语采访视频附双语文本，视频为双语字幕。
  
Host: Yang Lan is chairwoman of Sun Media Group, which has other businesses in media,
online and more. I am very pleased to have her here at this table for the first time. Welcome.
Yang Lan: Thanks you, Charlie. Thank you for having me.  
Host: Tell me how this started for you. 
Yang Lan: It all started exactly 20 years ago, when I was graduating from college. At that
time, the national television had its first open audition, for college graduates for its prime time variety show, called Zheng Da Variety Show. That was a show to introduce sightseeing around the world to the Chinese audience, who at that time, 99% of our population, didn't even have a passport. So it was a brand new exposure to the outside world, when China was opening up.
Host: Have you thought about that kind of career before that? 
Yang Lan: No, not at all. My major in college was English literature and language in  Yang Lan: I really don't have a solution for that. 
主持人：杨澜是阳光媒体集团的董事长，集团经营媒体、在线等业务。我很高兴杨澜今天首次来我们这个节目，欢迎你。
杨澜：谢谢查理。谢谢邀请我来参加你的节目。
主持人：跟我分享下你的这些经历是如何开始的？
杨澜：这一切是20年前开始，我刚刚大学毕业。那时候，中央电视台首次公开从大学毕业生中选拔主持人，为一个黄金时段的娱乐节目，节目名称叫《正大综艺》。是一个向中国观众介绍世界各地旅游观光的节目，当时99%的中国人还连护照都没有。所以，在当时中国逐渐开放的时代，这是人们了解外面世界的一个新窗口。
主持人：你以前想过做这种工作吗？
杨澜：没有，完全没有。我在北京外交学院主修英语语言文学。当我接触到这个机会的时候，出于好奇就去了，当时有1000个女孩应试，经过多回合的选拔，应该是七轮选拔，我最后胜出，这件事为我在电视事业的发展奠定了很好的开端。我主持的第一个节目就是个全国性在黄金时段播出的节目，每周有两亿观众观看这个节目。我在这个节目干了四年。那段时光确实为我的职业生涯奠定了一个很好的开端。
 
Host: But I think that's a concern for me. For a long time, young Chinese had gone to American university, to British universities, many of them stayed or some of them come back. So you have people now in their 40s and 50s with graduate education outside of China. And they are being asked to come back. To come back and take part. The appeal is out of national pride. Do you see much of that in people who left China for United States, or England, or other places like Russia, who have decided to come back to participate in this extraordinary transformation that's taking place. 
Yang Lan: I think national pride is one thing. Opportunity and a chance to realize your dream is another. I think it's a more decisive element.
Host: Opportunity is a more decisive element than pride.
Yang Lan: I think so, even for ordinary people. For example, an architect here can aspire to build one major building in Manhattan. But how many opportunities can be offered to
him? In China, you have dozens or hundreds of cities designing their landmarks. 
Host: Most great architects I know are working in China.
主持人：不过我想这是件我担心的事情。过去很长一段时间，年轻的中国学生去了美国或者英国的大学，他们中的很多留下来了，一些回到了中国。所以现在中国有不少40 多岁，50 多岁在国外受过教育的人被邀请回国，回国参与国家发展。吸引力来自于国家荣誉感。你在那些离开中国去了美国，英国或者其他地方比如俄国并决定回国参与中国正在发生的剧变的人们身上看到这点么？
杨澜：我认为爱国是一回事，另一方面是实现梦想的机会，而且我认为这是更具决定性的因素。
主持人：机会比爱国更重要
杨澜：是的，即便对于普通人也是如此。在美国，建筑师可以梦想在曼哈顿设计建造一座大楼，但是他会有多少这样的机会呢？在中国，有几十上百个城市需要设计它们的地标
主持人：大部分我认识的著名建筑师都在中国工作了
Yang Lan: It's a huge test land of all sorts of styles and creativity. Of course, young people like to go back, and to seek their success or have their name made. Also young business people, when they stayed here in the US, they see all sorts of services, which is still unavailable in China. They can go back home and start a training center, a school, a kindergarten. They can start anything, using the references that they learned here or in Europe, or anywhere else in the world. When back home, they can start something from scratch, and get successful in a few years' time I think that temptation is even greater than national pride. But of course, national pride is one element. 
Host: How fast is the middle class rising?
Yang Lan: Because many look at it as an important element of China's growth to find
markets internally and serve the markets externally. I think the middle class is growing very fast. I don't have a specific number that I can give you. It also depends on how would you define a middle-class person. A regular job? a home?
Host: How would you define middle class in China? 
Yang Lan: Well, I would say you know, a rented home, a board home. A regular job. A career in sight. Raising children, having a car. That can be some of the symbols. If you think of the rise of car sales in China, I think that would be one of the symbols of the rising middle class. Last year 10 million new cars were sold in China. It's becoming the first or the second largest market for everything. I think that could be one symbol of the rising of the middle class in China.
杨澜：那是一块巨大的实验田，可以尝试各种风格和创造，年轻人当然愿意回去寻求各自立业成名的机会。当年轻的商业人士在美国时，他们目睹了各种各样在中国还没有的服务。他们可以回国，创办一个新的培训中心，一所学校，一家幼儿园。他们可以创办任何事业。用他们在欧美，或者世界其它地方学到的作为参考，在国内，他们可以白手起家，花几年的时间获得成功。我想这方面的诱惑比国家荣誉感更强。不过当然，爱国也是很重要的一个元素。
主持人：中产阶级的崛起有多快？
杨澜：因为很多人将此作为衡量中国发展的重要因素之一。看中国除了出口之外，内需市场是否能建立起来。我想中产阶级发展很快，不过我没有一个具体数字，当然也要看你怎么界定中产阶级，有稳定工作？有房产？
主持人：那么你们在中国怎么界定中产阶级？
杨澜：嗯，我会说，租房住，买房住，有稳定的工作，事业发展有前景，有孩子，有车。这些是一些基本象征。就拿中国车辆销售的提升来说，这也是正在崛起的中产阶级的象征之一，去年中国卖出了1 千万部新车，中国正成为所有行业数一数二的大市场。我想这是中国中产阶级正在崛起的一个象征。
Host: When we look at the politics of China, the changes of China there are always the questions of freedom of expression. We all know about the Google controversy that took place. How would you characterize freedom of expression today in China? 
主持人：当我们谈论中国的政治和变化总会提及言论自由。我们都知道谷歌的争议事件，
你怎样定义今天中国的言论自由？
Yang Lan: There are still regulations, censorship, frustrations. That's for sure. But I also see progress, especially through the introduction of internet. It has become a big public arena that  more people will voice their opinions about public policies. Pros and cons. And there have been many cases when abuses of power were reported on the internet; huge public outcry will drive the government to be more spontaneous, to be more transparent,and also it directly led to the change of regulations or practices by the government. I think that's the progress we have made. 
Host: And human rights?
Yang Lan: Well, taking the example of people in custody, or people in prison. There were cases reported through the internet. That they were mistreated. And then related personnels were published, investigations were initiated, and regulations have been reshaped. I think those are progresses that we can see. But of course, in such a vast  country, you see a lot of issues, problems pumping out every day, in a lot of places. I think right now the major concern is the land usage. People worry about proper compensation for their land, which was taken away for urbanization or development. So what is proper compensation? Sometimes the government and residents may have different perspectives. That's what we see where a lot incidents come up.